In 2022, 41,388 live performances sessions were held (24,469 in 2021). These were attended by 14.9 million spectators (3.6 million in 2021) and corresponded to 6.6 million paid tickets (2.0 million in 2021) that generated €147.3 million ticket revenues (€28.0 million in 2021).
The museums had 15.8 million visitors (8.3 million more than in 2021), of which 7.7 million were foreign visitors (4.8 million more than in 2021). Cinema had 9.6 million spectators (+75.4%) and raised €55.4 million box office revenues (+80.9%).
Cultural participation decreased in 2022 compared to 2016, except for reading books, with the proportion of residents aged 18 to 69 years that indicated having read books in the last 12 months increasing from 38.8% to 41.3%. The proportion of the population of the same age group that, in 2022, attended live performances shows or cinema sessions, or visited cultural sites was 52.8%; 40.5% and 36.8%, respectively.
In 2022, periodical publications’ total circulation (newspapers and magazines) was 338.9 million, of which 30.9% was paid circulation and 69.1% was free circulation. In that year there were edited-printed 11,449 books (provisional data), which corresponds to a decrease of 5.2% compared to 2021.
The prices of cultural goods and services increased by 1.5% compared to 2021, of which the rise in prices of newspapers and other publications (+11.0%) stood out.
The imports of cultural goods surpassed exports, leading to a €231.6 million deficit in the trade balance (€208.7 million in 2021). The number of enterprises (75,388) and turnover (€8.1 thousand million) of the cultural and creative sector increased in 2022, 10.0% and 21.2%, respectively.
In 2022, the cultural employment was estimated at 190.6 thousand people, accounting for 3.9% of total employment. The gross monthly earnings per employee in cultural and creative activities was €1,417 (+4.0% than in 2021).
The Local government expenditure on cultural and creative activities reached €582.0 million, corresponding to an increase of 18.4% (more €90.6 million) when compared to 2021.
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