December 2022:

• The active population (5,223.9 thousand) increased compared to November 2022 (0.3%), to September 2022 (0.5%) and to December 2021 (0.5%).

• The employed population (4,868.7 thousand) remained practically unchanged from the previous month, having decreased by 0.3% from three months earlier and by 0.4% from a year earlier.

• The unemployed population (355,2 thousand) increased by 5.2% compared to November, 13.1% compared to September 2022 and 15.5% compared to a year earlier.

• The unemployment rate stood at 6.8%, up 0.3 percentage points (pp) from the previous month, up 0.8 pp from three months before and up 0.9 pp from a year earlier.

• The inactive population (2,435.0 thousand) decreased over the three periods under comparison (previous month, three months earlier and the same month a year before): by 0.7%, 1.1% and 2.1%, respectively.

• The labour underutilisation rate was estimated at 12.2%, up by 0.4 pp from the previous month, 0.9% from three months before and 0.8 pp from one year earlier.

January 2023:

• The active population (5,267.5 thousand) increased compared to the previous month (0.8%), to October 2022 (1.3%) and January 2022 (1.4%).

• The employed population (4,892.7 thousand) decreased from the previous month (0.5%), from three months before (0.1%) and from a year earlier (0.1%).

• The unemployed population (374.8 thousand) increased over the three periods under comparison: 5.5%, 19.6% and 22.3%, respectively.

• The unemployment rate stood at 7.1%, also up from December and October 2022 (0.3 pp and 1.1 pp, respectively) and from January 2022 (1.2 pp).

• The inactive population (2,424.7 thousand) decreased by 0.4% from the previous month, by 1.3% from three months before and by 1.8% from one year earlier.

• The labour underutilisation rate stood at 12.4%, up 0.2 pp from the previous month, 1.0 pp from three months before and 0.9 pp from the same month of 2022.